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Page: TD1
Human Oral Microbiome Taxon Description
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Streptococcus mutans
Human Microbial Taxon ID:
686
Body Site:
Oral
Status:
Named - Cultured
Synonym:
Type Strain:
ATCC 25175, NCTC10449
More info at
StrainInfo
Classification:
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Firmicutes
Class:
Bacilli
Order:
Lactobacillales
Family:
Streptococcaceae
Genus:
Streptococcus
Species:
mutans
NCBI Taxonomy ID:
1309
[NCBI Taxonomy Link]
16S rRNA Reference Sequences:
HOMD RefSeq ID:
686_3965
View in phylogenetic tree
Download latest 16S rDNA reference sequences
PubMed Search:
8717
[PubMed Link]
Nucleotide Search:
40092
[Entrez Nucleotide Link]
Protein Search:
204358
[Entrez Protein Link]
Abundance:
By molecular cloning:
Clones seen = 1500 / 34879 = 4.30%
Rank Abundance = 3
In other datasets:
TBD
Genome Sequence
3
View Genomes
Hierarchy Structure:
General Information:
Belongs to a phenotypic group called the mutans streptococci which include S. sobrinus, S. ferus, S. cricetus, S. rattus and serotype "h" [4]. Phylogenetically distinct from other species of Streptococcus.
Cultivability:
Colonies are whitish about 0.5 to 1 mm that stick to the agar. When media is supplemented with sucrose, puddles of liquid (e.g., soluble extracellular polysaccharide) surround the colonies.
Phenotypic Characteristics:
Facultatively anaerobic, Gram positive cocci (0.5 to 0.75 um in diameter), which occurs in pairs, or short chains [4]
Produces extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose by glucosyltransferase (e.g., glucans) and fructoosyltransferases (e.g. fructans). These polysaccharides promotes binding to cell
surfaces.
Glucose is fermented to L-lactic acid with no gas. Final pH in glucose broth cultures is 4.0 to 4.3. Growth is not inhibited by lower pH.
Strains of S. mutans can be distinguished serologically. Peptidoglycan contains glutamic acid, alanine, lysine, glucosamine adn muranmic acid [4]
Prevalence and Source:
Commonly detected on human teeth in supragingival plaque, and usually associated with caries. Has been isolated from human feces.
Disease Associations:
Strong association with human dental caries, considered the primary cause of caries, although caries can occur in the absence of S. mutans. Also associated with endodontic lesions, odontogenic infections, infectious endocarditis and cardiovascular disease [2]
Is carogenic in experimental animals (rats, hamsters, gerbils, mice and monkey.
Vaccines which target S. mutans are being developed to prevent caries formation [1].
References:
PubMed database:
[1]
Taubman MA, Nash DA. The scientific and public-health imperative for a vaccine against dental caries. Nat Rev Immunol.2006 Jul;6(7):555-63
[PubMed]
[2]
Nakano K, Inaba H, Nomura R, Nemoto H, Takeda M, Yoshioka H, Matsue H, Takahashi T, Taniguchi K, Amano A, Ooshima T. Detection of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in extirpated heart valve and atheromatous plaque specimens. J Clin Microbiol.2006 Sep;44(9):3313-7
[PubMed]
[3]
van Ruyven FO, Lingström P, van Houte J, Kent R. Relationship among mutans streptococci, "low-pH" bacteria, and lodophilic polysaccharide-producing bacteria in dental plaque and early enamel caries in humans. J Dent Res.2000 Feb;79(2):778-84
[PubMed]
Non-PubMed database:
[4]
Hardie JM. Genus Streptococcus. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 1986; Vol. 2, pp. 1043-1063.
Curator:
Creation Info:
Latest Modification:
wenhan
, 2008-01-17 12:42:02
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